![]() ![]() The Olympic motto “Citius – Altius – Fortius” which expresses the aspirations of the Olympic Movement as captured in the Olympic Charter, resonates perfectly with the innate human desire to do and accomplish more in life. However, there is a need to censor commercial interest as well as safeguard safety and the nature of sports as a medium to celebrate natural human abilities. ![]() While the interplay between nature and nurture determines the unique psychophysiological responses to training and competition, technological exploits leading to advanced sports products coupled with favourable natural and/or manipulated internal (body) and external environmental conditions will ensure continued improvement in performance. This book chapter interrogates the factors associated with efforts towards improvement of performance in endurance sports events, with a specific focus on marathon races, and the future implications for training, competition, and the nature of sports. However, some approaches used to improve sports performance may pose ethical concerns and may challenge sports as a concept of celebrating natural human abilities. With stiff competition from athletes from different parts of the world, constant upgrading of sports science based approaches to training and competition are employed to achieve more success. 2018.Performance in different athletic activities has continued to improve over time, with some athletes from diverse parts of the world registering new world records from time to time. A randomized crossover study investigating the running economy of highly-trained male and female distance runners in marathon racing shoes versus track spikes. A comparison of the energetic cost of running in marathon racing shoes. How biomechanical improvements in running economy could break the 2-h marathon barrier. The ‘critical power’ concept: applications to sports performance with a focus on intermittent high-intensity exercise. Modeling the benefits of cooperative drafting: is there an optimal strategy to facilitate a sub-2-h marathon performance? Sports Med. ![]()
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